Human exposure to thallium through tap water: A study …

Thallium concentrations in hair and urine samples have to be discussed related to the environmental background levels representing Tl exposure. Fig. 4 a shows the arithmetic and geometric mean of Tl levels in the hair of subjects divided according to their residence area. From the data of hair analysis versus the residence of the subjects, it ...

Thallium Toxicity

A 24-hour urine thallium concentration, assayed by atomic absorption photospectrometry, is the standard method. Although a urine …

Long‐term misdiagnosis and neurologic outcomes of thallium …

Blood and urinary thallium concentrations of the patient were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and they were all significantly elevated compared with those of normal levels. Thallium levels were 336.5 μg/L in the patient's blood (normal < 10 μg/L) and 252.3 μg/L in the patient's urine (normal < 20 μg/L).

Acute Thallium Poisoning: Series of Ten Cases

Blood and urine samples of eight surviving cases were sent for thallium levels 2 weeks after initiating therapy; the median blood thallium concentration was 10.5 μg/L (range, 5–46 μg/L). The median urine thallium concentration was …

Thallium (PIM 525)

thallium-containing dust, a mean urinary thallium. concentration of 2.6 g/l, ranging up to 76.5 g/l, was found. In contrast, the mean urinary thallium. concentrations of two reference groups were 0.2 and. 0.4 g/l, respectively.A major cause of increased. intake of thallium was found to be the consumption of.

Thallium How People Are Exposed to Thallium

By measuring thallium in urine, scientists can estimate the amount of thallium that has entered people's bodies. • CDC scientists found measurable levels of thallium in the urine in most participants, indicating widespread exposure. The 2003–2004 levels were similar to those in previous survey periods of the . Report.

(PDF) Short-term Thallium IntoxicationDermatological …

The blood and daily urinary thallium concentrations decreased slowly in the following 3-month period. The clinical dermatological features subsided completely, but painful polyneuropathy persisted.

Comparison of urinary thallium levels in non-occupationally …

The variables in the above equation are as follows: thallium, the urinary concentration in μg/l; μ, the mean (log-scale) non-smoking male value (the intercept); creatinine is the creatinine concentration in mmol/l corresponding to that measurement; I(smoking), an indicator variable denoting that the measurement was taken on a smoker; …

Thallium Poisoning

The concentration of thallium in the saliva of a 28-year-old woman poisoned by it was 15 times higher than the same concentration in urine (Richelmi et al., 1980). As soon as thallium enters the body, the formation of metalloprotein toxins occurs due to the thallium reaction with albumins, globulins, and other blood proteins in subsequent ...

Clinical characteristics and treatment of thallium... : …

None of the patients in this study died after treatment. The total length of hospital stay was 24.7 ± 12.3 days. The blood and urine thallium concentrations of all patients significantly reduced after both treatments, as shown in Table 2. In addition, all patients experienced improvement in symptoms and organ function following treatment.

Is There a Cure for Thallium Poisoning?

If the thallium concentration in the urine is greater than 0.3 mg/L, it confirms thallium poisoning. Other diagnostic tests include: Blood tests (used to determine eosinophilic levels) ... Urine thallium levels are generally less than 0.8 mcg/L. Concentrations higher than 20 mcg/L indicate excessive exposure and may be linked to …

Thallium Factsheet | National Biomonitoring Program | CDC

By measuring thallium in urine, scientists can estimate the amount of thallium that has entered people's bodies. CDC scientists found measurable levels of thallium in the …

Impact of urine concentration adjustment method on

Urine cadmium and thallium were positively associated with serum creatinine-based eGFR only when urine creatinine was used to adjust for urine concentration (β coefficient=3.1 mL/min/1.73 m 2; 95% confidence interval=1.4, 4.8 per each doubling of urine cadmium). Weaker positive associations, also only with urine creatinine …

Thallium

Confirmation of elevated Tl concentrations in blood, urine, or hair is indispensable for diagnosing Tl poisoning. The kidneys show the highest Tl …

Clinical characteristics and treatment of thallium... : Medicine

Following treatment, the blood and urine thallium concentrations of all patients decreased significantly, and their symptoms were alleviated. Our results show that delayed patient …

Thallium How People Are Exposed to Thallium

By measuring thallium in urine, scientists can estimate the amount of thallium that has entered people's bodies. • CDC scientists found measurable levels of thallium in …

HEALTH EFFECTS

Adult white mice dosed intraperitoneally with thallium 204 at a dose of 4 mg thallium/kg as thallous sulfate showed high thallium concentrations in bone tissue, kidney (particularly in the medulla ... reported mean urinary thallium levels of 0.38 and 0.33 µg/L in two groups of workers employed in two cement production plants and two cast iron ...

Thallium

The normal urine Tl concentration is less than 5 µg/L. The typical clinical symptoms are observed when the urinary Tl concentration exceeds 500 µg/L ( Huang et al., 2014 ), and a concentration greater than 200 µg/L can be used as a basis for diagnosing acute Tl poisoning ( Moore et al., 1993 ).

Short-term thallium intoxication: dermatological findings correlated

A toxicology survey disclosed a high concentration of thallium (about 3124 mg/L) in the water. The clinical dermatological features subsided completely, but polyneuropathy with severe painful feet persisted. The blood and daily urinary thallium concentrations decreased slowly in the following 3-month period.

Thallium: Systemic Agent | NIOSH | CDC

Cardiac, renal, and hepatic function should be monitored, as should calcium levels. Urine thallium levels above 5 µg/L are abnormal, with levels above 200 µg/L being indicative of poisoning. Thallium blood concentration levels are normal below 2 µg/L, and toxic at concentrations greater than 200 µg/L.

A Successfully Treated Case of Criminal Thallium Poisoning

Thallium poisoning is rare and often misdiagnosed until it is confirmed by increased concentration of thallium in the urine and blood, resulting in delay of appropriate treatment . Clinical manifestation varies according to the route of exposure and the victim's dose and age.

Impact of urine concentration adjustment method on

Urine concentration adjustment approaches compared included urine creatinine, urine osmolality and no adjustment. Median age, blood lead and urine cadmium, thallium and uranium were 13.9 years, 4.0 μg/dL, 0.22, 0.27 and 0.04 g/g creatinine, respectively, in 512 adolescents. Urine cadmium and thallium were positively associated with serum ...

Toxicity of Thallium at Low Doses: A Review

The assessment of human contamination in urine and hair of the interested population has been previously reported . Beside important works that review Tl toxicity at high concentrations (e.g., acute intoxication) [ 1, 12, 13 ], the aim of this communication is to report and discuss the most recent studies on Tl toxicity at low doses.

Potential Health Risk in Areas of High Natural Concentrations …

The levels of thallium in urine in cases of non-exposed individuals are below 1.1 mcg/g of creatinine (creatinine corrected) [18][19][20][21] or below 1 mcg/L (uncorrected) [21,22], while the ...

Early diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of five patients …

Concentration of thallium in the blood and urine should be < 2 μg/L and < 5 μg/L, respectively, in healthy individuals, and the diagnosis of thallotoxicosis relies on …

Thallium exposure at low concentration leads to early …

The urinary TI concentration ranged from 13.4 μg/L to 60.1 μg/L with a mean of 36.1 μg/L and a median of 34.8 μg/L in six cases in December 2015, while the levels of lead, As and Hg in the urine were unremarkable (supplemented Table 1). However, the parents denied that their children were previously exposed to TI.

Association of urinary thallium with hypertension in

According to a report by WHO in 1996, urinary thallium concentrations < 0.5 μg/L do not cause a negative impact on health, while the negative effects of urinary thallium concentrations ranging from 5–500 μg/L on health remain unclear (Duan et al. 2020). The median (IQR) U-Tl level in our study was 0.19 (0.12, 0.28) μg/L, which was ...

Uranium Associations with Kidney Outcomes Vary by Urine Concentration

Median levels of urine thallium and cadmium were 0.39 and 0.83 μg/g creatinine and 0.09 and 0.19 μg/4 hr, respectively. Table 1. Selected ... In the two models that used urine creatinine to adjust for urine concentration, higher ln-urine uranium was associated with lower measured creatinine clearance and higher NAG after adjustment for ...

TLU

Detecting toxic thallium exposure in 24-hour urine collections. Patient Preparation: High concentrations of gadolinium and iodine are known to interfere with most metal tests. If either gadolinium- or iodine-containing contrast media has been administered, a specimen should not be collected for 96 hours. Supplies: Urine Tubes, 10 mL (T068) Collection …

Short-term Thallium Intoxication

The heavy metal survey of the 24-hour urine specimens with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed high concentrations of thallium, with 22 650 μg/d in patient 1 and 29 040 μg/d in patient 2 (reference range, 0-3 μg/d), while the levels of mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, manganese, nickel, zinc, copper, bismuth, tellurium, and ...