Pit Optimization for Improved NPV and Life of Mine in

Whittle is a mine planning tool to optimize an open pit mine in order to maximize the output, i.e., Ore and NPV. Whittle software works on the geological model finally freeze in the Surpac Software. In order to carry out pit optimization, the economic pit limits were determined by using the Whittle (V. 4.7) software.

(PDF) Optimized Open Pit Mine Design, Pushbacks and the …

The ultimate pit is the maximum valued pit possible that obeys slope and physical constraints. Pushbacks are produced from the sections of the ore body model that remain within the ultimate pit limits. 508 OPTIMIZED OPEN PIT MINE DESIGN, PUSHBACKS AND THE GAP PROBLEM—A REVIEW 509 Fig. 1.

PIT LIMITS | 8 | v3 | Open Pit Mine Planning and Design, …

The pit existing at the end of mining is called the 'final' or the 'ultimate' pit. In between the birth and the death of an open-pit mine, there are a series of 'intermediate' pits. This chapter will present a series of procedures based upon: (1) hand methods, (2) computer methods, and (3) computer assisted hand methods. Mineral ...

(PDF) Determination of Ultimate Pit Limits in Open …

Determination of Ultimate Pit Limits in Open Mines Using Real Option Approach. July 2008. International Journal of Engineering …

Implementing a parametric maximum flow algorithm for optimal open pit

Conventional open pit mine optimization models for designing mining phases and ultimate pit limit do not consider expected variations and uncertainty in metal content available in a mineral deposit (supply) and commodity prices (market demand). Unlike the conventional approach, a stochastic framework relies on multiple realizations …

(PDF) Open pit limit optimization considering the pumped …

A natural lake, dumps, and another open-pit mine are envisaged as the upper reservoir, which could bring 40, 3,200, and 2,000 MW electricity installed capacity, and −295 m, −200 m, and −150 ...

Mining Methods-Part II: Surface Mining-Planning and Design of Open Pit

Mining Methods, Surface mining. 2.1) Introduction. As the first step for long or short-range planning, the limits of the open pit. must be set. The limits (ultimate pit) define the amount of ore ...

A direct block scheduling model considering operational

Long-term block scheduling is a challenging problem that involves determining the best extraction period for blocks to maximize the net present value of the open-pit mining business. This process involves multiple constraints, mainly ensuring safe pit walls and imposing maximum limits on operational resource consumption. However, …

Optimization of open-pit mine design and production

A dynamic optimization method was created to address the production schedule issue in an open-pit coal mine while taking into account the characteristics of the fuzzy structured element.

Pit Optimization | AllMinings

Ultimate Pit Limit. The Ultimate Pit Limit is a fundamental concept in open-pit mining. It represents the maximum extent to which a pit can be economically mined, considering factors such as commodity prices, production costs, and processing constraints. Determining the ultimate pit limit is a critical step in the mine planning process.

Extended Ultimate-Pit-Limit Methodology for Optimizing

The total profit from surface mining can be obtained by accumulating the results of in varying depth, which can be expressed by the following equation: where is the total profit from surface mining and x is the depth of the open-pit limit measured from local surface (Figure 1).Equation shows keeps increasing if the open-pit limit expands (i.e., x …

Ultimate Pit Limit Optimization Methods in Open Pit …

Abstract Ultimate pit limit optimization plays a major role in the mining industry as it serves as the elementary foundation of all the activities in mine planning. This paper reviews and documents some methods used in ultimate pit limit optimization and gives a clear insight of these algorithms, their functionalities and limitations to open up …

Open pit limit optimization considering the pumped …

Taken an undisclosed open-pit iron mine as example, the UPL is optimized by considering the PSH benefit. The internalized PSH benefit is calculated to be 6.59 CN¥/t when the installed capacity is 2000 MW, and ore amount within the optimized UPL is …

Calculating ultimate pit limits and determining pushbacks in open-pit

In open pit mining, the basis of mine design and the long term mining schedule is calculation of the ultimate pit limit. The ultimate pit limit is the pit with the highest profit value.

Ultimate Pit Limit Design

In open pit mine planning, the design of the most profitable ultimate pit limit is a prerequisite to developing a feasible mining sequence. Presently, the design of an ultimate pit is achieved through a computer program in most of the mining companies. 3-D block model is commonly applied to represent geologic and economic information of an …

(PDF) A Study on the Optimization Algorithms for Determining Open-Pit

Determination of Mining Limits (ML) for each of Open-Pit (OP) and Underground (Ug) is one of the most significant part impacts the economic aspects. Optimization process for the mentioned objective in both of OP and Ug mining was done on the economic block model. In this paper, the applied Optimization Algorithms (OA)s for ML determination ...

Open-Pit Mine Optimization with Maximum Satisfiability

A common casualty of modern open-pit mine optimization is the assurance that the resulting design is actually achievable. Optimized mine plans that consider value and a bare minimum of precedence constraints do not, in general, translate into practical, operational mine designs that can be used in the field. Ultimate pits may come to a …

Optimizing the open pit-to-underground mining transition

An early transition model assigns large aggregated blocks to be extracted via open pit or underground mining methods in order to maximize the value of the deposit (Bakhtavar, Shahriar, & Oraee, 2008).This idea was later improved to include the time element and to capture underground capital costs (Newman, Yano, & Rubio, 2013).In …

Calculating ultimate pit limits and determining pushbacks in …

Calculating ultimate pit limits and determining pushbacks in open-pit mining projects. Arturo Buelga Díaz, I. Álvarez, +2 authors. F. Rodríguez. Published 1 August …

A New Approach to Optimize Ultimate Geometry of Open Pit …

According to the guidelines published by Canadian Institute of Mining (CIM) on resource and reserve estimation (CIM, 2019 ), for mineral resources that can be …

Chapter Open Pit Mining

Abstract. Open pit mining method is one of the surface mining methods that has a traditional cone-shaped excavation and is usually employed to exploit a near-surface, nonselective and low-grade zones deposits. It often results in high produc-tivity and requires large capital investments, low operating costs, and good safety conditions.

New graph-based algorithms to efficiently solve large scale open pit …

In the mining optimisation literature, most researchers focused on two strategic-level and tactical-level open-pit mine optimisation problems, which are respectively termed ultimate pit limit (UPIT) or constrained pit limit (CPIT). However, many researchers indicate that the substantial numbers of variables and constraints in real …

Mathematical relationship between ultimate pit limits …

Determination of Mining Limits (ML) for each of Open-Pit (OP) and Underground (Ug) is one of the most significant part impacts the economic aspects. Optimization process for the mentioned objective in both of OP and Ug mining was done on the economic block model. In this paper, the applied Optimization Algorithms (OA)s for ML determination ...

Ultimate Pit Limit Optimization Methods in Open Pit Mines: …

An ultimate pit limit looks for the blocks that will be mined and those that will not thus outlining the part of the deposit that can be mined economically and …

Open Pit Optimization -Strategies for Improving Economics of Mining

The open pit design and scheduling problem is a large-scale optimization problem that has attracted considerable attention during the last 40 years The development of the "know-how" to improve economics of open pit mining projects through the use of mathematical optimization techniques goes back to early 1960's.

PIT LIMITS | 8 | v3 | Open Pit Mine Planning and Design, Two …

In between the birth and the death of an open-pit mine, there are a series of 'intermediate' pits. This chapter will present a series of procedures based upon: (1) hand methods, (2) …

MineLib: a library of open pit mining problems

Similar to the mixed-integer programming library (MIPLIB), we present a library of publicly available test problem instances for three classical types of open pit mining problems: the ultimate pit limit problem and two variants of open pit production scheduling problems. The ultimate pit limit problem determines a set of notional three …

Strategic mining options optimization: Open pit mining, underground

Open pit mining usually features a relatively lower mining cost, higher stripping ratio and longer time to access ore [5]. ... and (iii) within the combined final pit limit and economic stope outlines over T different periods of extraction–COPOS mining. The schedule should maximize the NPV of the operation subject to a variety of physical ...

A Path Search Algorithm for Optimizing Ultimate Limit of Open Pit …

Before the initiation of the extraction operation in open-pit mines, it is required to define the limit of the mine. The ultimate pit limit is a limit that its economical parameters such as the net present value, lifetime, profit, etc. be optimized. The best target function for optimization of the ultimate pit limit is the benefit.

Stripping Ratio in Open-Pit Mining, Types of | SpringerLink

Stripping ratio is the ratio of the volume of waste rock stripped off to the volume of ore exploited during the process of surface mining. It indicates the volume of waste rock required to be stripped for mining per cubic ore. Stripping ratio (see Fig. 1) is an important technical-economic indicator in open-pit mining, which reflects the ...

Open pit limit optimization considering economic profit, …

When the ecological costs are factored in, the optimal pit limit is 37.5% smaller than the economically optimal pit limit. However, when the social benefits are …

Integration of sustainable development concepts in open pit mine …

Abstract. The Ultimate Pit Limit (UPL) design is an important step in open pit mining. The objective function for UPL determination is usually maximization of profit (economic aspect) that satisfies the mine owners and shareholders. However, from the viewpoint of Sustainable Development (SD), there are three aspects for mining activities ...

Open-Pit Mining Methods

Open-pit mining methods are applicable to mining ore deposits that apex at or near the surface. If the deposit apexes below the surface, the overburden and barren capping overlying the ore must be removed in advance of open-pit mining. The removal of this material is known as stripping. The stripping-pit limits must be extended beyond the ...

Pit Optimization | AllMinings

The Ultimate Pit Limit is a fundamental concept in open-pit mining. It represents the maximum extent to which a pit can be economically mined, considering …

Calculating ultimate pit limits and determining pushbacks in open-pit

DOI: 10.1016/J.RESOURPOL.2021.102058 Corpus ID: 233582114; Calculating ultimate pit limits and determining pushbacks in open-pit mining projects @article{Daz2021CalculatingUP, title={Calculating ultimate pit limits and determining pushbacks in open-pit mining projects}, author={Arturo Buelga D{'i}az and Isidro Diego …

Strategic Open Pit Mine Optimization | SpringerLink

The open pit mine optimization problem is concerned with the scheduling of mining activities over the life of an open pit mining project. Two variants of the problem commonly solved are (i) the ultimate pit limit problem and (ii) the open pit phase design problem. A closely related problem is the open pit production scheduling problem.