Rare Earth Element Deposits: Sources, and Exploration …

Abstract and Figures. Rare earth elements (REE) include the lanthanide series (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) plus Sc and Y. All these metals occur together in ...

Critical materials for the energy transition: Rare earth …

The rare earths are of a group of 17 chemical elements, several of which are critical for the energy transition. Neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium and terbium are key to the production of the permanent magnets used in electric vehicles (EVs) and wind turbines. Neodymium is the most important in volume terms.

Journal of Rare Earths

The Journal of Rare Earths reports studies on the 17 rare earth elements. It is a unique English-language learned journal that publishes works on various aspects of basic theory and applied science in the field of rare earths (RE). The journal accepts original high-quality original research papers and review articles with inventive content, and ...

Rare Earth Element Mines, Deposits, and Occurrences

Additional publication details. Data on rare earth (including yttrium) mines, deposits, and occurrences were compiled as part of an effort by the USGS and the University of Arizona Center for Mineral Resources to summarize current knowledge on the supply and demand outlook and related topics for this group of elements.

China's rare earths dominance and policy responses

Notably, China is the only large-scale producer of heavy rare earth ores. This dominance has been achieved through decades of state investment, export controls, cheap labour and low environmental standards. In light of the growing demand for REEs, industrialised countries have started to develop strategies to reduce REE supply chain risks.

Rare earth elements in coal and coal fly ash

The rare earth elements (REEs) are a group of 17 elements sharing similar chemical properties. They include yttrium (Y, atomic number 39), scandium (Sc, atomic number 21), and the 15 elements of the lanthanide series, atomic numbers 57 (lanthanum, La) to 71 (lutetium, Lu). Because promethium (Pm, atomic number 61) does not occur in the …

Rare earth elements: Development, sustainability and policy …

Research, policy, and popular culture surrounding rare earth elements has transformed since the 2010 crisis. ... The 2010 crisis and subsequent publications. In late 2010, the world awoke to its dependence on China for 97% of the global supply of rare earth elements. Although production had migrated from the West to China in a gradual …

Rare Earths Statistics and Information | U.S. Geological …

Statistics and information on the worldwide supply of, demand for, and flow of the mineral commodity group rare earths - scandium, yttrium, and the lanthanides. The principal …

Rare earth elements: A review of applications

Rare-earth elements (hereinafter referred to as REE) are a group of seventeen chemical elements in the periodic table, in particular the fifteen lanthanides as well as yttrium and scandium as defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Scandium and yttrium are considered REE since they tend to occur …

Minerals | Special Issue : Rare Earth Deposits and …

Rare Earth Deposits and challenges of world REE demand for High-Tech and Green-Tech at the beginning of 3 rd millennium gives us the chance to ... for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing …

Literature Review of Methods used to Produce Rare Earth …

of rar e earth metals through chloride r eduction. ABSTRACT. A literature review has been conducted to study the three primary. methods for producing rare earth metals. These methods are: direct ...

Rare earth element deposits in China: A review and new …

Publication type: Book chapter: Publication Subtype: Book Chapter: Title: Rare earth element deposits in China: A review and new understandings: Chapter: 12: Year Published: 2019: Language: English: Publisher: Society of Economic Geologists: Contributing office(s) Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center: Description: 44 p ...

Conventional rare earth element mineral deposits: The …

Four conventional mineral deposit types—carbonatite, alkaline igneous, heavy mineral sand, and regolith-hosted ion-adsorption clay deposits—currently supply global markets with the rare earth elements (REEs) and rare earth oxides (REOs) necessary to meet the technological needs of global communities. The unique properties …

Exploring the uncertainty of machine learning models and …

Rare earth elements and yttrium (REEs) have a wide range of applications in high- and low-carbon technologies. The strategic significance of REEs has grown due to their expanding applications in manufacturing industries and the constrained availability of these essential resources. This research explores the applicability of machine learning …

Rare Earth Element Distribution in Fly Ash Derived from …

PDF | On Jan 1, 2017, Madison M. Hood and others published Rare Earth Element Distribution in Fly Ash Derived from the Fire Clay Coal, Kentucky | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ...

Rare earth element sources, end-use demand trends, and

Additional publication details. Rare earth elements are increasing in demand due to the movement towards electrification. In particular, there is a growing need for high performance rare earth permanent magnets for motors and generators used to convert electrical energy to mechanical energy, and vice versa. Current trends in rare earth …

Theory and Application of Rare Earth Materials

View author publications. ... It also covers an exhaustive review of 17 rare earth elements, their characteristics, and more possibilities in physical chemistry, functional materials, metallurgy, …

(PDF) Rare earth elements: A review of applications, …

Rare earth elements (REE) are essential for many modern technologies and industries, but they also pose significant environmental challenges. This publication provides a comprehensive review of ...

Rare Earth Element Geochemistry of Late Palaeozoic Coals …

An INAA (Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis) method was used to determine the abundance of rare-earth elements in 58 Late Palaeozoic coals and related rocks in North China. The detailed ...

Rare Earth Element Deposits in China: A Review and New

Introduction The rare earth elements (REEs) consist of the 15 lantha-nide elements (La to Lu). Because of the increasing application of REEs and yttrium (REY) in high-and green-tech industries ...

Rock-to-metal ratios of the rare earth elements

Additional publication details. The relative quantities of ore mined and waste rock (i.e., overburden) removed to produce the rare earth elements—their rock-to-metal ratios—were calculated for 21 individual operations or regions covering nearly all mine production in 2018. The results indicate that the rock-to-metal ratios for the total ...

Rare Earth Research, Production, Policy, and Future …

First Online: 19 May 2023. 341 Accesses. Abstract. Since scientists discovered mixed-rare earth "yttrium soil" in 1787, 234 years have passed. The research, production, …

Rare Earth Deposits of North America

Citations: 63. S. B. CASTOR, Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557, USA. Email: [email protected]. Sections. PDF. …

Rare Earth Chemistry

This work introduces into the chemistry, materials science and technology of Rare Earth Elements. The chapters by experienced lecturers describe comprehensively the recent studies of their characteristics, properties and applications in functional materials. Due to the broad range of covered topics as hydrogen storage materials, LEDs or …

Understanding Rare Earth Elements as Critical …

The boom in technological advances in recent decades has led to increased demand for rare earth elements (REEs) (also known as rare earth metals) across various industries with wide-ranging industrial …

Rare-Earth Doping in Nanostructured Inorganic Materials

Rare-earth doping can alter the crystallographic phase, morphology, and size, leading to tunable optical responses of doped nanomaterials. Moreover, rare-earth doping can control the ultimate electronic and catalytic performance of doped nanomaterials in a tunable and scalable manner, enabling significant improvements in energy …

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rare earth elements and yttrium (REEs) have a wide range of applications in high- and low-carbon technologies. The strategic significance of REEs has grown due to their expanding applications in manufacturing industries and the constrained availability of these essential resources. This research explores the applicability of machine learning models and their …

Rare Earth Elements (REE). Geology, technologies, and …

Abstract. Rare earth elements (REE) is the common name for a group of 17 special elements that over the last 20 years have seen increasing industrial significance, even to the extent that uncertainty regarding future supplies has caused geopolitical concern in the western countries. The rare earth elements are considered critical raw materials ...

Rare Earth Magnets: Manufacturing and Applications

A comprehensive review of rare earth magnet manufacturing and applications would need several book volumes to cover these topics in detail, so with just a single chapter, the only approach is to provide a brief synopsis of the history, the basics of the manufacturing methods and a few key applications. In terms of value, these …

Rare earth elements: Development, sustainability and policy …

Research, policy, and popular culture surrounding rare earth elements has transformed since the 2010 crisis. • Conventional theories of resource scarcity do not …

Rare-earth based nanomaterials and their composites as

The emergence of energy crisis and greenhouse effect has prompted people to develop energy storage equipment with excellent performance. Supercapacitors (SCs), also known as electrochemical capacitors, are widely studied for their high power density, fast charge and discharge and long cycle life. Rare earth Sustainable Energy and Fuels Recent …

Environmental impacts of rare earth production

Rare earth elements (REEs) are important raw materials for green technologies. However, REE mining and production uses techniques that are often not environmentally sustainable. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a well-recognized method for evaluating the environmental impacts of products and technologies. This article provides an overview of the ...

The rare-earth elements: Vital to modern technologies and lifestyles

Until recently, the rare-earth elements (REEs) were familiar to a relatively small number of people, such as chemists, geologists, specialized materials scientists, and engineers. In the 21st century, the REEs have gained visibility through many media outlets because of (1) the public has recognized the critical, specialized properties that REEs …

Aspects of light rare earth element resources, Bayan Obo, …

Aspects of light rare earth element resources, Bayan Obo, China. ... Publication Subtype: USGS Numbered Series: Title: Aspects of light rare earth element resources, Bayan Obo, China: Series title: Open-File Report: Series number: 98-125: DOI: 10.3133/ofr98125: Edition-Year Published: 1998:

Rare-earth elements

The rare-earth elements (REEs) are 15 elements that range in atomic number from 57 (lanthanum) to 71 (lutetium); they are commonly referred to as the "lanthanides." Yttrium (atomic number 39) is also commonly regarded as an REE because it shares chemical and physical similarities and has affinities with the lanthanides. Although REEs are not rare …

Advancing Rare-Earth Separation by Machine Learning.

Abstract. Constituting the bulk of rare-earth elements, lanthanides need to be separated to fully realize their potential as critical materials in many important technologies. The discovery of new ligands for improving rare-earth separations by solvent extraction, the most practical rare-earth separation process, is still largely based on trial ...