Review on resources and recycling of germanium, with …

Germanium is distributed dispersedly in the earth's crust, where only a few independent deposits of the element exist; the average abundance of germanium is 1.5 × 10 −4 % (Arroyo and Fernandez-Pereira, 2008).Natural germanium resources include germanium-bearing zinc ores, coal (e.g., lignite), and other germanium-containing …

Germanium Production Technology Based on the Conversion of Germanium

Optimal conditions for germanium extraction and the manufacture of commercial products are proposed. ... We found that, after the grinding and classification of this ore, lignite was almost completely concentrated in a fraction of >10 mm. Tables 1–5 summarize the characteristics of the raw materials used in these studies. The high yield …

Facts About Germanium | Live Science

Just the facts. Atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus): 32. Atomic symbol (on the periodic table of elements): Ge. Atomic weight (average mass of the atom): 72.630. Density: 3.077 ounces ...

CANADIAN MINING PERSPECTIVES: The bright side of germanium

The average grade of the deposit is 18.76% Zn and 75 g/t Ge, using 5% Zn and 50 g/t Ge cutoff grades. These numbers all come from the fourth and 6.5 level of the mine. Germanium currently trades at between US$1,200 and $1,300 per kilo. The mineral traded in the US$250/kg range only four years ago.

Germanium: A review of its US demand, uses, resources, …

Germanium is recovered as a byproduct from Zn-refineries and coal fly ash. Yet very low amount (<3%) of Ge contained in Zn-ores and fly ash is recovered worldwide, which suggests that the criticality of Ge is due to lack of economical and efficient extraction and recovery process rather than lack of resources. Worldwide, it is estimated that Zn ...

Mechanism of germanium enrichment in the world-class …

The world-class Huize deposit hosts significant germanium (Ge) resources in the Sichuan–Yunan–Guizhou (SYG) Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Pb–Zn province of China. The distribution and enrichment mechanism of Ge is still poorly understood. In the main ore-forming stage of Huize, we identified six sphalerite colors from C1 (black) to …

Germanium

Germanium is also present in coal deposits, and the ash produced from burning coal is a major source of germanium. Additionally, it is found in some copper, lead, and silver ores. The production of germanium involves several steps. Initially, it is extracted from the ore using a combination of crushing, grinding, and flotation processes.

Ultraprecision Micro-Grinding of Germanium Immersion

A hybrid process was adopted for micro-sharpening and micro-grinding for the manufacture of germanium immersion grating (GIG) element for mid-infrared super dispersion spectrograph.

Germanium Production Technology Based on the …

For this study, we obtained several lignite ore samples from site no. 1 of the Serchanskoe deposit of the Kas-Symovskii depression. We found that, after the grinding and classification of this ore, lignite was almost completely concentrated in a fraction of …

Strong, Efficient, High-Quality germanium ore

Germanium Ore (40 products available) Quality Commitment 65.64% Pb Lead Galena Ore from South African Supplier $300.00 - $350.00. Min Order: 20.0 metric tons. 2 yrs FR Supplier . 0.0 /5 · 0 reviews · Contact Supplier.

Germanium

Germanium is a trace metal in most types of oxidic and sulfidic metalliferous deposits, including banded iron formations, manganese nodules, shale-hosted sedimentary copper deposits and porphyry copper deposits. Germanium is a by-product in some sulfide ores and in some coals; therefore, surface and underground mining …

Germanium Metallurgy | SpringerLink

In the process from smelting to manufacture of germanium transistor, particularly during zone refining, purification, slicing, grinding, and germanium wafer …

Moving Towards Sustainable Germanium Sourcing Evaluated …

Germanium is also produced as a byproduct from zinc production, typically present at levels above 75 ppm in zinc ores, and this is the second globally most …

Recent advances in the recovery of germanium during the …

Germanium is a hard and brittle grayish white semiconductor element, and its electrical properties are between a metal and insulator. ... The continuous oxidation of O 3 dissolves some ore components by reducing the minerals ... as selective metal oxidants, pyridine as auxiliary ligand under standard conditions. Using liquid-assisted grinding ...

Germanium Wafers: Complete Guid

Just like silicon, germanium undergoes the Czochralski method to create ingots. This allows for easier cutting and is why wafers appear circular in shape. Slicing, Grinding, and Etching. Once the germanium has been …

Xingxiang WU Inventions, Patents and Patent Applications

Abstract: A method for co-producing blister copper by enriching germanium and indium from a copper sulfide ore comprises: mixing a copper sulfide ore containing germanium and indium, a reducing agent and a fluxing agent in proportion and then grinding; subjecting the mixture to reduction matte smelting to obtain volatile smoke …

export germanium ore

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Germanium Data Sheet

Prepared by Amy C. Tolcin [(703) 648–4940, [email protected]] 69. GERMANIUM. The 2019 estimated average annual prices of germanium dioxide and germanium metal decreased by 15% and 20%, respectively, from prices in 2018; however, the 2019 average annual prices remained higher than those in 2016 and 2017. Global demand for fiber …

Metallogenesis of germanium—A review

Germanium (Ge) is a scarce, but not an extremely rare element in the Earth's crust (about 1.6 ppm Ge crustal average). Principal geochemical substitutions and mineral associations of Ge include Si, C, Zn, Cu, Fe, Sn, and Ag. Most Ge is dispersed through silicate minerals due to the substitution of Ge 4+ for the geochemically similar Si 4+.

Mineral Resource of the Month: Germanium

Germanium is never found as a pure metal in nature, but trace amounts occur in many minerals, including common metallic ore minerals such as the zinc mineral sphalerite. Zinc smelters produce the majority of the world's supply of germanium. Germanium is also recovered from fly ash produced by the burning of certain types of coal.

Ore Crushing | SpringerLink

Ore crushing provides suitable particle size of material for subsequent ore grinding, beneficiation or smelting, which is the preparation process before beneficiation or smelting. It is widely used in the basic industries of national economy such as metal ore beneficiation, metallurgy, chemical industry, building materials, coal, thermal power ...

Element: Germanium — Periodic table

Further links. Germanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white and similar in appearance to silicon. It is a metalloid in the carbon group that is chemically similar to its group neighbors silicon and tin. Like silicon, germanium naturally reacts and forms complexes with ...

Germanium Ore

Germanium Ore. Ore from the Pend Oreille Mine, which is known for having a particularly high germanium content. Source: eBay seller minclassixx Contributor: Theodore Gray Acquired: 2 April, 2009 Text Updated: 3 April, 2009 Price: $20 Size: 3" Composition: Ge

Micro V-Groove Grinding Technique of Large Germanium

Request PDF | Micro V-Groove Grinding Technique of Large Germanium Immersion Grating Element for Mid-Infrared Spectrograph | The 8.2m SUBARU large space telescope in Hawaii requires a mid-infrared ...

6. Machining :: JSC Germanium

Machining :: JSC Germanium. 6. Machining. Machining consists of the following technological operations: Ingots after growing which meant for production of finished goods, for spherical blanks and round plates are …

Germanium Deposits in the United States | U.S. Geological …

These deposits host 60 million tonnes (t) at 100-200 parts per million (ppm) Ge and 28 million t at 50-150 ppm Ge, respectively. Currently, germanium is produced …

CN106995885A

The present invention relates to a kind of method for mixing gallium and germanium in Ore Leaching waste residue, comprise the following steps：S1：Drying grinding；S2：Pulp；S3：Leach；S4：Filtering.The present invention is compared with prior art; gallium, germanium are efficiently leached simultaneously; the leaching rate of …

Germanium: A review of its US demand, uses, resources

The germanium contents of Zn ore (sphalerite) within different deposits in the US are primarily obtained from the database of Frenzel et al. [35], [57] and are updated with other published data [52], [53]. There is a considerable variation in the mean Ge content of sphalerite across the US (Table 2). The maximum mean Ge content reported …

Using Gamma-Ray Spectrometry with a Germanium …

Abstract Measurements of gamma spectra allow the ratios of A (U)/A (Th) activity, the masses of U and Th, and mass ratio of U : Th to be determined for studying rocks and oils. Results demonstrate the effect hydrotherms have on rocks of basic and acidic composition. The values of indicators are determined to detect the presence of …

Germanium Mining | The Diggings™

Synopsis. Table 5 Total Mines. Browse 54 germanium mining USGS records worldwide. Most records highlight germanium mining opportunities and activity in North America, …

Micro V-Groove Grinding Technique of Large Germanium

The 8.2m SUBARU large space telescope in Hawaii requires a mid-infrared high dispersion spectrograph with a resolution of 200000 at 10µm which employs a Germanium Immersion Grating (GIG) element. For this, the GIG element with a large number of sharp and smooth micro V-grooves must be fabricated. Previous studies were focused on the fabrication of …

How to Increase Germanium Extraction from Zinc …

As seen, leaching the H2SO4-leached residue with 250 kg/mt HF for 2 h at 80°C and 10% pulp solids extracted 93 % of the remaining germanium, bringing total germanium extraction from approximately 70 to 98%. (The high cost of HF could make this alternative less viable.) Modify the two-stage zinc leaching procedure.